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secchi disk
The Secchi disk, as created in 1865 by Angelo Secchi, is a plain white, circular disk in diameter used to measure water transparency in bodies of water. The disc is mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly down in the water. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity. Since its invention, the disk has also been used in a modified, smaller diameter, black and white design to measure freshwater transparency.
==History==
The original Secchi disk was a plain white disk and it was used in the Mediterranean Sea.〔(On the history of the Secchi disc )〕 〔("Relazione delle esperienze fatte a bordo della pontificia pirocorvetta l’Immacolata concezione per determinare la trasparenza del mare" Memoria del P. A. Secchi. Il Nuovo Cimento, December 1864, Volume 20, Issue 1, pp 205-238 )〕 Today, a plain white, 30 cm diameter Secchi disk remains the standard design used in marine studies. In 1899 George C. Whipple modified the original all-white Secchi disk to “…a disc about 8 inches in diameter, divided into quadrants painted alternately black and white like the target of a level-rod…”.〔Cialdi, M. and Secchi, P. A. (1865). “Sur la Transparence de la Mer.” ''Comptes Rendu de l'Acadamie des Sciences.'' 61: 100–104.〕〔Whipple, George C. (1899). ''The Microscopy of Drinking-Water.'' New York: John Wiley & Sons, 73–5.〕 This modified black and white Secchi disk is the standard disk now used in limnology (freshwater) investigations.〔(The Secchi Disk—What Is It? ) Accessed 2012-07-05.〕〔(Why a Black and White Secchi Disk? ) Accessed 2012-07-05.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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